2ND BHMS PRACTICE OF MEDICINE SYLLABUS: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE FOR STUDENTS (2022-2023 ONWARDS)

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Hey future homeopaths! 🎓 If you’re in your 2nd BHMS, you’re probably curious about the Practice of Medicine syllabus.

Don’t worry—I’ve got you covered! This post provides a detailed breakdown of the entire syllabus, so you know exactly what to expect.

From clinico-pathological evaluation to mastering homoeopathic therapeutics, we’ll cover it all.

Let’s dive in!

2ND BHMS NEW SYLLABUS 2022-2023: SUBJECTS, EXAM PATTERN, AND STUDY TIPS FOR BHMS STUDENTS

2ND YEAR BHMS EXAM PATTERN (2022-2023) – COMPLETE GUIDE WITH SUBJECT-WISE MARKS & STUDY TIPS

2nd BHMS practice of medicine syllabus

Why Study Practice of Medicine in Homoeopathy?

The Practice of Medicine in homoeopathy focuses on understanding clinical methods, disease presentations, and integrating homoeopathic principles for holistic patient care. It emphasizes the study of the individual as a whole, considering their health, disposition, and disease tendencies.

By studying this subject, you’ll:

  • Develop skills to diagnose and manage systemic diseases.
  • Integrate homoeopathic principles with modern medical knowledge.
  • Understand the role of miasms (psora, sycosis, syphilis, and tubercular) in chronic diseases.
  • Learn to provide preventive, curative, and palliative care using homoeopathy.

Course Outcomes

By the end of the 2nd BHMS Practice of Medicine course, you’ll be able to:

  1. Diagnose and manage common medical conditions using homoeopathic principles.
  2. Correlate disease conditions with anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
  3. Apply knowledge of causation, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations to understand diseases.
  4. Interpret diagnostic tests and investigations for accurate diagnosis.
  5. Provide holistic care, integrating homoeopathic therapeutics with modern medicine.

Learning Objectives

At the end of the 2nd BHMS course, you’ll:

  1. Perform clinico-pathological evaluations of common signs and symptoms.
  2. Understand the role of miasms in disease expression and susceptibility.
  3. Diagnose and manage infectious diseases, tropical diseases, and lifestyle disorders.
  4. Integrate homoeopathic materia medica and repertory in clinical practice.
  5. Develop skills in patient history-taking, physical examination, and case analysis.

PRACTICE OF MEDICINE THEORY SYLLABUS

Clinico-Pathological Evaluation of Common Signs and Symptoms with Miasmatic Integration

1. Pain

  • Pain: Pathophysiology and types of pain
  • Chest Discomfort
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Headache
  • Back and Neck Pain

2. Alterations in Body Temperature

  • Fever: Definition, types, aetiology, pathophysiology, physical examination, investigations, and management
  • Fever and Rash: Definition of rash, approach (causes, presentation, examinations, investigations, and management)
  • Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO): Definition, types, aetiology, epidemiology, diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, and management
  • Immunity & Susceptibility: General considerations
  • Introduction to Medical Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases and Tropical Diseases

3. Neurological Symptoms

a) Syncope

  • Definition, classification, aetiology, pathophysiology
  • Clinical features based on types
  • Investigations and management

b) Dizziness and Vertigo

  • Definition
  • Clinical approach, pathophysiology, and management

c) Fatigue

  • Definition
  • Differential diagnosis
  • Clinical approach and management

d) Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis

  • Definitions: Weakness, Paralysis, Tone, Spasticity, Rigidity, Paratonia, Flaccidity, Fasciculations
  • Pathogenesis:
    • Upper Motor Neuron Weakness
    • Lower Motor Neuron Weakness
    • Neuromuscular Junction Weakness
    • Myopathic Weakness
    • Psychogenic Weakness
  • Distribution and clinical approach

e) Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss

  • Definition
  • Pathophysiology
  • Differential diagnosis

f) Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls

  • Anatomy and physiology related to gait balance
  • Gait Disorders: Definition, pathophysiology, and clinical significance of different types
  • Balance Disorders: Definition, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations
  • Assessment for patients with falls

g) Confusion and Delirium

  • Definition, epidemiology, risk factors
  • Pathogenesis, clinical features, physical examination
  • Investigations, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and general management

h) Coma and Disorders of Consciousness

  • Definition and stages
  • Diagnostic Approach: History, aetiology, differential diagnosis
  • Neurological examination, investigations, management, and prognosis

i) Dementia

  • Definition
  • Functional anatomy of dementia
  • Aetiology and differential diagnosis
  • Diagnostic Approach: History, physical & neurological examinations, cognitive & neuropsychiatric assessment
  • Investigations and management

j) Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Cognitive Disorders

  • Definition
  • Applied anatomy
  • Clinical examination

k) Sleep Disorders

  • Physiology of Sleep and Wakefulness
  • Approach to Sleep Disorders and Treatment
  • Evaluation of Insomnia and Its Treatment

3. Circulatory and Respiratory Dysfunctions

a) Dyspnoea

  • Definition, epidemiology, underlying mechanisms
  • Assessment and differential diagnosis
  • Clinical Approach: History, physical examination, investigations, and management

b) Cough

  • Definition, mechanism, impaired cough
  • Aetiology, classification, and chronic cough assessment
  • Approach: History, physical examination, investigations, and management

c) Haemoptysis

  • Definition, anatomy & physiology
  • Aetiopathogenesis and evaluation
  • Approach: History, physical examination, diagnostic evaluation, and management

d) Hypoxia and Cyanosis

  • Hypoxia: Definition, response to hypoxia, aetiology, pathophysiology, adaptation mechanisms
  • Cyanosis: Definition, types, aetiology, differential diagnosis, and clinical approach

e) Oedema

  • Definition, aetiopathogenesis, and differential diagnosis (generalized and localized)
  • Distribution of oedema
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, and investigations

f) Palpitations

  • Definition, aetiopathogenesis, and differential diagnosis
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, investigations, and management

2. Abdominal & Gastrointestinal (GIT) Dysfunctions

a) Dysphagia

  • Definition, physiology of swallowing, pathophysiology
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, diagnostic procedures, and management

b) Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion

  • Definition, mechanism, causes, and differential diagnosis
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, diagnostic testing, and management

c) Diarrhoea and Constipation

  • Definition, normal physiology, types, causes, and differential diagnosis
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, diagnostic testing, and management

d) Dysentery

  • Definition, causes, and differential diagnosis
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, diagnostic testing, and management

e) Unintentional Weight Loss

  • Definition, physiology of weight regulation with aging
  • Causes, differential diagnosis, assessment, testing, and management

f) Gastrointestinal Bleeding

  • Definition, sources, causes, and mechanism of bleeding
  • Approach: History taking, differentiation of UGIB (Upper GI Bleeding) & LGIB (Lower GI Bleeding), assessment, evaluation, and management

g) Jaundice

  • Definition, clinical evaluation, bilirubin metabolism
  • Aetiopathogenesis, classification, and causes
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, diagnostic testing, and management

h) Abdominal Swelling & Ascites

  • Definition, causes, and differential diagnosis
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, investigations, and evaluation
  • Ascites: Definition, aetiopathogenesis, evaluation, management, and complications

3. Renal and Urinary Tract Dysfunctions

a) Interstitial Cystitis / Bladder Pain Syndrome

  • Definition, aetiopathogenesis, clinical presentation
  • Investigations, diagnostic evaluation, management, complications, and prognosis

b) Dysuria

  • Definition, aetiology, pathophysiology
  • Assessment and diagnostic evaluation

c) Azotaemia and Urinary Abnormalities

  • Definitions, aetiology, pathophysiology
  • Assessment and diagnostic evaluation

d) Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

  • Causes, pathophysiological evaluation, and investigations

4. Haematological Alterations

a) Anaemia

  • Definition, applied anatomy & physiology of RBCs
  • Regulation of RBC production
  • Classification and clinical presentation
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, investigations, and diagnostic evaluation

b) Leucocytosis & Leukopenia

  • Definition, aetiology, and differential diagnosis

c) Bleeding Diatheses (Bleeding & Thrombosis)

  • Definitions, applied anatomy & physiology of haemostasis
  • Aetiology of haemostatic disorders
  • Clinical presentation
  • Approach: History taking, clinical examination, and laboratory evaluation

d) Interpretation of Peripheral Blood Smears

  • Examination and diagnostic significance

5. Psychological Symptoms

a) Psychological Disorders and Their Causes

  • Asthenia (Generalized Weakness): Underlying causes and evaluation
  • Anxiety and Sadness: Differential diagnosis and psychological assessment
  • Thought Disorders & Delusions: Definition, classification, and evaluation
  • Perceptual Disorders & Hallucinations: Types, causes, and clinical approach
  • Relevant Investigations for Psychological Symptoms

Medical Genetics

Cytogenetics

    • Definition and scope
    • Classification of chromosomal abnormalities
    • Structural and numerical chromosomal disorders

Genetic Disorders

    • Down Syndrome: Causes, clinical features, diagnosis, management
    • Turner Syndrome & Klinefelter Syndrome: Genetic basis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment
    • Cystic Fibrosis, Huntington’s Disease & Marfan Syndrome: Inheritance patterns, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment
    • Polycystic Kidney Disease: Genetic mutations, clinical presentation, complications, and management

Neoplasia and Genetics

    • Genetic alterations in cancer
    • Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
    • Hereditary cancer syndromes

Rare Genetic Disorders

    • Concept and significance
    • Examples of rare genetic diseases
    • Challenges in diagnosis and treatment

Integration of Genetics with Homoeopathy

    • Understanding hereditary influences in disease predisposition
    • Miasmatic correlation with genetic disorders
    • Homeopathic approach to genetic susceptibilities

Immunological Factors in Disease with Concept of Susceptibility

Introduction to Immunology

    • Primary and secondary immunodeficiency states
    • Immunological surveillance and response mechanisms

Hypersensitivity Reactions

    • Classification: Type I (Immediate), Type II (Cytotoxic), Type III (Immune Complex), and Type IV (Delayed)
    • Pathophysiology and clinical implications

Autoimmune Diseases

    • Pathogenesis and classification
    • Common autoimmune disorders and their immunological basis

Transplants and Graft Rejection

    • Types of transplantation
    • Mechanisms of graft rejection
    • Immunosuppressive therapy

HIV and Immunity

    • Virology and immune system impact
    • Stages of HIV infection and opportunistic infections

Integration of Immunology with Homoeopathy

    • Concept of susceptibility in homeopathy
    • Miasmatic interpretation of immune disorders

Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

Each disease shall be studied under the following headings:

  1. Definition
  2. Causative agents
  3. Epidemiology
  4. Pathogenesis
  5. Clinical features
  6. Investigations
  7. Diagnostic features
  8. Differential diagnosis
  9. Complications
  10. Management
  11. Prevention
  12. Prognosis
  13. Homoeopathic classification of the disease with rationale
  14. Repertorial references related to the disease
  15. Homoeopathic therapeutics for the disease

List of Diseases

  1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections
  2. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Infection
  3. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infections
  4. Poliovirus Infections
  5. Measles
  6. Mumps
  7. Rabies
  8. Dengue
  9. Japanese B Encephalitis
  10. Bird Flu
  11. Influenza A (H1N1) Virus
  12. Chikungunya
  13. COVID-19 Virus Infection
  14. Yellow Fever
  15. Smallpox (Variola) – Poxvirus Infection
  16. HIV Infection
  17. Zika Virus Infection
  18. Rickettsial Infection
  19. Staphylococcal & Streptococcal Infections
  20. Typhoid Fever
  21. Gastroenteritis
  22. Cholera
  23. Tetanus
  24. Anthrax, Brucellosis, Plague
  25. Leprosy
  26. Sexually Transmitted Diseases & Syphilis
  27. Amoebiasis & Amoebic Liver Abscess
  28. Filariasis / Worm Infestations
  29. Malaria & Kala-azar
  30. Leptospirosis
  31. Tuberculosis
  32. Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
  33. Diphtheria
  34. Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
  35. Therapeutics of Infectious Disorders

Approach to Patient Care

Doctor-Patient Interaction

  • General principles of history taking
  • Physical examination techniques
  • Developing a differential diagnosis as a foundation for management

General Assessment

  • Psychiatric assessment
  • Nutritional evaluation

General Examination Skills

  • Temperature recording: Documentation and interpretation
  • Pulse examination at different sites
  • Respiratory rate examination and interpretation
  • Blood pressure measurement and interpretation
  • Height and weight measurement with documentation
  • BMI calculation and nutritional assessment
  • Observation and assessment of body proportion, gait, and decubitus
  • Examination and interpretation of ears, nose, throat, eyes, face, mouth, lymph nodes, nails, and skin

Case-Based / Problem-Based Discussions

  • Approach to fever cases with system-specific symptoms (GIT, respiratory, skin, renal, musculoskeletal, etc.)
  • Approach to neurological symptom presentations
  • Approach to circulatory and respiratory complaints
  • Approach to abdominal/GIT-related symptoms
  • Approach to renal and urinary tract disorders
  • Approach to haematological disorders
  • Approach to psychological disorders

This structured approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of diseases and their management from both conventional and homeopathic perspectives.

Assessment

  • Internal Assessment (IA): Includes periodical tests and term exams.
  • No Final University Examination: Marks from IA will be carried forward to the 3rd BHMS.

How to Excel in Practice of Medicine

  1. Master Case-Taking: Develop strong skills in patient history-taking and physical examination.
  2. Understand Miasms: Study the role of psora, sycosis, syphilis, and tubercular miasms in disease.
  3. Integrate Homoeopathy: Learn to apply homoeopathic principles in clinical practice.
  4. Stay Updated: Keep up with the latest advancements in medicine and homoeopathy.
  5. Practice Repertorization: Use repertories to select remedies based on symptom similarity.

Final Thoughts

The 2nd BHMS Practice of Medicine syllabus equips you with the knowledge and skills to diagnose and manage diseases holistically, integrating homoeopathic principles with modern medicine.

By mastering this syllabus, you’ll be well-prepared to provide comprehensive care to your patients.

Good luck, and keep striving for excellence! 🌟

Got questions? Drop them in the comments below! 

Let’s help each other succeed. 💪

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