1st year BHMS syllabus

This post contains the whole syllabus of 1st BHMS (Theory and Practical). This is prepared for the purpose of providing the whole idea of learning objectives in each subject.

This syllabus is applicable from the academic session 2015-2016, as per the guidelines of Central Council of Homoeopathy (India).

Subjects to be taught in 1st BHMS

  1. HUMAN ANATOMY
  2. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
  3. HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY
  4. HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA
  5. ORGANON OF MEDICINE

Before going through the detail, you should know that out of mainly 5 subjects you will have to give exam of only 3 subjects.

  1. HUMAN ANATOMY
  2. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
  3. HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY

If you want to prepare for the University examination you should follow the below mentioned links,

Anatomy learning objectives

Students should keep in mind while studying Anatomy

  • You may find the language of Anatomy a little bit tough to memorize as its derived from an ancient Latin and Greek words and these languages are no longer used in everyday conversation.
  • General knowledge of human body structure and different parts of body should be achieved by the end of the first year.
  • More importance should be given to the functional anatomy (rather than on the static structures of cadaver).
  • Should know the general anatomical positions and broad relations of the viscera, muscles, blood-vessels, nerves and lymphatics.
  • 1st year medical student should not take burden of minute anatomical details which have no clinical importance.
  • Students should be able to identify anatomical structures and specimens.
  • Subjects should be studied with corelating the Gross Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Physiology.
  • Before attending dissection classes, it will be helpful to study the general structure of the organ or system that is under dissection (then after you should proceed through its functions)

Anatomy Theory Syllabus

  1. General anatomy
  1. Osteology
  2. Syndesmology (joints)
  3. Myology
  4. Angiology
  5. Neurology
  6. Splanchnolgy (viscera and organs)
  7. Surface anatomy
  8. Applied anatomy
  9. Radiographic anatomy
  10. Embryology (developmental anatomy)
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Oogenesis
  • Formation of germ layers
  • Development of embryogenic disk
  • Placenta
  • Development of abdominal organs
  • Development of cardio vascular system
  • Development of nervous system
  • Development of respiratory system
  • Development of body cavities
  • Development of uro-genital system
  1. Regional anatomy

This will be taught under the following regions:

  • Head, Neck and Face, Brain
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen
  • Upper and Lower Extremities
  • Special Senses
  1. Histology (microanatomy)

Anatomy Practical Syllabus

  1. Dissection of the whole human body.
  2. Demonstration of dissected parts.
  3. Identification of histological slides related to tissues and organs.
  4. Students shall maintain practical or clinical journals and dissection cards.

1st BHMS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

Physiology & Biochemistry learning objectives

Students should keep in mind while studying Physiology

  • Learning of physiology is based on knowledge of physics and chemistry.
  • It is important to understand different organization levels from molecular level to the whole organism in order to study physiology.
  • You should be able to reason mechanistically for physiological processes.
  • You should be able to think of dynamic mechanisms.
  • The language of physiology is mixed one, there are commonly used words along with ancient Greek and Latin words.
  • Remember that “Learning” and “Memorizing” the same thing are totally two different matters.
  • You must appreciate the integrative nature of physiological processes. e.g., While learning acid/base balance you also should think of Respiratory system.
  • Not all the physiological responses are beneficial to the organism.
  • Do not ignore graphs, tables and figures.

Physiology Theory Syllabus

General Physiology

  1. Introduction to cellular physiology
  2. Cell Junctions
  3. Transport through cell membrane and resting membrane potential
  4. Body fluids compartments
  5. Homeostasis

Bio-Physical Sciences

  1. Filtration
  2. Ultra-filtration
  3. Osmosis
  4. Diffusion
  5. Adsorption
  6. Hydrotropy
  7. Colloid
  8. Donnan Equilibrium
  9. Tracer elements
  10. Dialysis
  11. Absorption
  12. Assimilation
  13. Surface tension

Body Fluids and Haematology

  1. Blood
  2. Plasma Proteins
  3. Red Blood Cells
  4. Erythropoiesis
  5. Haemoglobin and Iron Metabolism
  6. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
  7. Packed Cell Volume and Blood Indices
  8. Anaemia
  9. Haemolysis and Fragility of Red Blood Cells
  10. White Blood Cell
  11. Immunity
  12. Platelets
  13. Haemostasis
  14. Coagulation of Blood
  15. Blood Groups
  16. Blood Transfusion
  17. Blood Volume
  18. Reticulo-endothelial System and Tissue Macrophage
  19. Lymphatic System and Lymph
  20. Tissue Fluid and Oedema

Digestive system

  1. Introduction to digestive system
  2. Composition and functions of digestive juices
  3. Physiological anatomy of Stomach, Pancreas, Liver and Gall bladder, Small intestine, Large intestine
  4. Movements of gastrointestinal tract
  5. Gastrointestinal hormones
  6. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

Bio-Chemistry

  1. Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Metabolism, Glycolysis, TCA (Tricarboxylic Acid), HMP, Glycogen synthesis and degradation, Blood glucose regulation.
  2. Lipids: Chemistry, Metabolism, Intestinal uptake, Fat transport, Utilization of stored fat, Activation of fatty acids, Beta oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids.
  3. Proteins: Chemistry, Metabolism, Digestion of protein, Transamination, Deamination, Fate of Ammonia, Urea cycle, End products of each amino acid and their entry into TCA cycle.
  4. Enzymes: Definition, Classification, Biological Importance, Diagnostic use, Inhibition.
  5. Vitamins: Daily requirements, Dietary source, Disorders and physiological role.
  6. Minerals: Daily requirement, Dietary Sources, Disorders and physiological role.
  7. Organ function tests

Respiratory system and environmental physiology

  1. Physiological anatomy of respiratory tract
  2. Mechanism of respiration: Ventilation, diffusion of gases
  3. Transport of respiratory gases
  4. Regulation of respiration
  5. Pulmonary function tests
  6. High altitude and space physiology
  7. Deep sea physiology
  8. Artificial respiration
  9. Effects of exercise on respiration

Cardio-vascular system

  1. Introduction to cardiovascular system
  2. Properties of cardiac muscle
  3. Cardiac cycle
  4. General principles of circulation
  5. Heart sounds
  6. Regulation of cardiovascular system
  7. Normal and abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  8. Cardiac output
  9. Heart rate
  10. Arterial blood pressure
  11. Radial Pulse
  12. Regional circulation- Cerebral, Splanchnic, Capillary, Cutaneous & skeletal muscle circulation
  13. Cardiovascular adjustments during exercise

Renal physiology and skin

  1. Physiological anatomy of kidneys and urinary tract
  2. Renal circulation
  3. Urine formation: Renal clearance, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, selective secretion, concentration of urine, acidification of urine
  4. Renal function tests
  5. Micturition
  6. Skin
  7. Sweat
  8. Body temperature and its regulation

Endocrinology

  1. Introduction to endocrinology
  2. Hormones and hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis
  3. Pituitary gland
  4. Thyroid gland
  5. Parathyroid
  6. Endocrine functions of pancreas
  7. Adrenal cortex
  8. Adrenal medulla
  9. Endocrine functions of other organs

Reproductive system

  1. Male reproductive system- testis and its hormones; seminal vesicles, prostate gland, semen.
  2. Introduction to female reproductive system
  3. Menstrual cycle
  4. Ovulation
  5. Menopause
  6. Infertility
  7. Pregnancy and parturition
  8. Placenta
  9. Pregnancy tests
  10. Mammary glands and lactation
  11. Fertility
  12. Foetal circulation

Nerve muscle physiology

  1. Physiological properties of nerve fibres
  2. Nerve fibre- types, classification, function, degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves
  3. Neuro-muscular junction
  4. Physiology of skeletal muscle
  5. Physiology of cardiac muscle
  6. Physiology of smooth muscle
  7. EMG and disorders of skeletal muscles

Central nervous system

  1. Introduction to nervous system
  2. Neuron
  3. Neuroglia
  4. Receptors
  5. Synapse
  6. Neurotransmitters
  7. Reflex
  8. Spinal cord
  9. Somato-sensory system and somato-motor system
  10. Physiology of pain
  11. Brainstem, Vestibular apparatus
  12. Cerebral cortex
  13. Thalamus
  14. Hypothalamus
  15. Internal capsule
  16. Basal ganglia
  17. Limbic system
  18. Cerebellum – Posture and equilibrium
  19. Reticular formation
  20. Proprioceptors
  21. Higher intellectual function
  22. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  23. Physiology of sleep
  24. Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)
  25. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Special senses

  1. Eye: Photochemistry of vision, Visual pathway, Pupillary reflexes, Colour vision, Errors of refraction
  2. Ear: Auditory pathway, Mechanism of hearing, Auditory defects
  3. Sensation of taste: Taste receptors, Taste pathways
  4. Sensation of smell: Olfactory receptors, Olfactory pathways
  5. Sensation of touch

Physiology Practical Syllabus

Haematology

  1. Study of the Compound Microscope
  2. Introduction to haematology
  3. Collection of blood samples.
  4. Estimation of Haemoglobin Concentration
  5. Determination of Haematocrit
  6. Haemocytometry
  7. Total RBC count
  8. Determination of RBC indices
  9. Total Leucocytes Count (TLC)
  10. Preparation and examination of Blood Smear
  11. Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC)
  12. Absolute Eosinophil Count
  13. Determination of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
  14. Determination of Blood Groups
  15. Osmotic fragility of red cells
  16. Determination of Bleeding Time and Coagulation Time
  17. Platelet Count
  18. Reticulocyte Count

Human experiments

  1. General Examination
  2. Respiratory System- Clinical examination, Spirometry, Stethography
  3. Gastrointestinal System- Clinical examination
  4. Cardiovascular System- Blood pressure recording, Radial pulse, ECG, Clinical examination
  5. Nerve and Muscle Physiology- Mosso‘s Ergography, Handgrip Dynamometer
  6. Nervous System- Clinical examination
  7. Special Senses- Clinical examination
  8. Reproductive System- Diagnosis of pregnancy

Biochemistry practical

  1. Demonstration of uses of instruments or equipment
  2. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
  3. Normal characteristics of urine
  4. Abnormal constituents of urine
  5. Quantitative estimation of glucose, total proteins, uric acid in blood
  6. Liver function tests
  7. Kidney function tests
  8. Lipid profile
  9. Interpretation and discussion of results of biochemical tests.

1st BHMS HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY SYLLABUS

Pharmacy learning objectives

Students should keep in mind while studying Homoeopathic pharmacy

  • Learn how to accurately dispense the homoeopathic medicines.
  • Study homoeopathic pharmacy in relation to homoeopathic Materia medica and organon of medicine.
  • Learn to appreciate the role of pharmacist and pharmacy in patient care.
  • Learn to understand pharmacy processes and related record keeping.
  • Show appropriate professional behaviour and communication skills.
  • You must appreciate the integrative nature of pharmacology, pathophysiology and therapeutics.

Homoeopathic Pharmacy Theory Syllabus

General concepts and orientation

  1. History of pharmacy with emphasis on emergence of Homoeopathic Pharmacy.
  2. Official Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (Germany, Britain, U.S.A., India).
  3. Important terminologies like scientific names, common names, synonyms.
  4. Definitions in homoeopathic pharmacy.
  5. Components of pharmacy.
  6. Weights and measurements.
  7. Nomenclature of homoeopathic drugs with their anomalies.

Raw Material: drugs and vehicles

  1. Sources of drugs (taxonomic classification, with reference to utility).
  2. Collection of drug substances.
  3. Homoeopathic pharmaceutical instruments and appliances.

Homoeopathic Pharmaceutics

  1. Mother tincture and its preparation – old and new methods.
  2. Various scales used in homoeopathic pharmacy.
  3. Drug dynamization or potentization.
  4. External applications (focus on scope of homoeopathic lotion, glycerol, liniment and ointment).
  5. Doctrine of signature.
  6. Posology (focus on basic principles; related aphorisms of organon of medicine).
  7. Prescription (including abbreviations).
  8. Concept of placebo.
  9. Pharmaconomy – routes of homoeopathic drug administration.
  10. Dispensing of medicines.
  11. Basics of adverse drug reactions and pharmaco-vigilance.

Pharmacodynamics

  1. Homoeopathic Pharmacodynamics
  2. Drug Proving (related aphorisms 105 – 145 of organon of medicine) and merits and
  3. De-merits of Drug Proving on Humans and Animals.
  4. Pharmacological study of drugs listed below.
homoeopathic pharmacy syllabus 1st BHMS

Quality Control

  1. Standardisation of homoeopathic medicines, raw materials and finished products.
  2. Good manufacturing practices; industrial pharmacy.
  3. Homoeopathic pharmacopoeia laboratory – functions and activities, relating to quality control of drugs.

Legislations pertaining to pharmacy

  1. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (23 of 1940) {in relation to Homoeopathy};
  2. Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 {in relation to Homoeopathy};
  3. Poisons Act, 1919 (12 of 1919);
  4. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985);
  5. Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 (21 of 1954);
  6. Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955 (16 of 1955).

Homoeopathic pharmacy practical syllabus

Experiments

  1. Estimation of size of globules.
  2. Medication of globules and preparation of doses with sugar of milk and distilled water.
  3. Purity test of sugar of milk, distilled water and ethyl alcohol.
  4. Determination of specific gravity of distilled water and ethyl alcohol.
  5. Preparation of dispensing alcohol and dilute alcohol from strong alcohol.
  6. Trituration of one drug each in decimal and centesimal scale.
  7. Succussion in decimal scale from Mother Tincture to 6X potency.
  8. Succussion in centesimal scale from Mother Tincture to 3C potency.
  9. Conversion of Trituration to liquid potency: Decimal scale 6X to 8X potency.
  10. Conversion of Trituration to liquid potency: Centesimal scale 3C to 4C potency.
  11. Preparation of 0/1 potency (LM scale) of 1 Drug.
  12. Preparation of external applications – lotion, glycerol, liniment, ointment.
  13. Laboratory methods – sublimation, distillation, decantation, filtration, crystallisation.
  14. Writing of prescription.
  15. Dispensing of medicines.
  16. Process of taking minims.
  17. Identification of drugs (listed below). Macroscopic and Microscopic characteristic of drug substances- minimum 05 drugs; Microscopic study of trituration of two drugs (up to 3X potency).
  18. Estimation of moisture content using water bath.
  19. Preparation of mother tincture – maceration and percolation.
  20. Collection of 30 drugs for herbarium.
  21. Visit to homoeopathic pharmacopoeia laboratory and visit to a large-scale manufacturing unit of homoeopathic medicines (GMP compliant).
homoeopathic pharmacy syllabus 1st BHMS

Demonstration

  1. General instructions for practical or clinical in pharmacy.
  2. Identification and use of homoeopathic pharmaceutical instruments and appliances and their cleaning.
  3. Estimation of moisture content using water bath.
  4. Preparation of mother tincture – maceration and percolation.

Note: Each student shall maintain practical or clinical record or journal and herbarium file separately.

1st BHMS ORGANON SYLLABUS

There shall be no examination of organon of medicine in 1st BHMS.

The topics that shall be covered in 1st BHMS are as follows.

Learning objectives of Homoeopathic Pharmacy

Students who are studying in 1st BHMS shall keep in mind while understanding organon of medicine.

  • This is a vital subject of homoeopathy.
  • Learning and applying of homoeopathic principles in clinical practice is the key of success as a homoeopathic physician.
  • Focus on conceptual based learning of homoeopathic philosophy.
  • It is important to have clear grasp of inductive and deductive logic and its application.
  • Preliminary and basic knowledge of psychology will help you in your practice.

Organon of Medicine Theory syllabus

Introductory lectures

  1. Evolution of medical practice of the ancient (Prehistoric Medicine, Greek Medicine, Chinese medicine, Hindu medicine and Renaissance) and tracing the empirical, rationalistic and vitalistic thoughts.
  2. Short history of Hahnemann ‘s life, his contributions, and discovery of homoeopathy, situation leading to discovery of Homoeopathy
  3. Brief life history and contributions of early pioneers of homoeopathy like C.V. Boenninghausen,  J.T. Kent, C. Hering, Rajendra Lal Dutta, M.L. Sirkar
  4. History and Development of Homoeopathy in India, U.S.A. and European countries
  5. Fundamental Principles of Homoeopathy.
  6. Basic concept of: Health: Hahnemann ‘s concept and modern concept; Disease: Hahnemann ‘s concept and modern concept; Cure.
  7. Different editions and constructions of Hahnemann ‘s Organon of medicine

Logic

To understand organon of medicine and homoeopathic philosophy, it is essential to be acquainted with the basics of LOGIC to grasp inductive and deductive reasonings.

Preliminary lecturers on inductive and deductive logic (with reference to philosophy book of Stuart Close Chapter 3 and 16).

Psychology

  • Basics of Psychology.
  • Study of behaviour and intelligence.
  • Basic concepts of Sensations.
  • Emotion, Motivation, Personality, Anxiety, Conflict, Frustration, Depression, Fear, Psychosomatic Manifestations

Aphorisms 1 to 28 of organon of medicine

Homoeopathic Prophylaxis

1st BHMS MATERIA MEDICA SYLLABUS

Theoretical topics that should be covered in first BHMS year are general topics of Materia medica.

There shall be no examination of Materia medica in first BHMS.

Learning Objectives of Materia Medica

Students who are studying in 1st BHMS should keep in mind while learning of homoeopathic Materia medica.

  • Construction of homoeopathic Materia medica is different as compared to other Materia medica.
  • Before learning the drugs of Materia medica theoretical topics should be learnt properly.
  • Each drug should be studied individually, synthetically, analytically and comparatively.
  • Knowledge of drug action is important to study of homoeopathic Materia medica.

Materia Medica Theory Syllabus

General topics of Materia medica (including introductory lectures).

Basic Materia Medica

  1. Basic concept of Materia medica
  2. Basic construction of various Materia medica
  3. Definition of Materia medica

Homoeopathic Materia Medica

  1. Definition of Homoeopathic Materia medica
  2. Basic concept and construction of Homoeopathic Materia medica.
  3. Classification of Homoeopathic Materia medica.
  4. Sources of Homoeopathic Materia medica.
  5. Scope and Limitations of Homoeopathic Materia medica