1st BHMS SYLLABUS

This post contains the whole syllabus of 1^st BHMS (Theory and Practical). This is prepared for the purpose of providing the whole idea of learning objectives in each subject.

This syllabus is applicable from the academic session 2015-2016, as per the guidelines of Central Council of Homoeopathy (India).

Subjects to be taught in 1^st BHMS

HUMAN ANATOMY
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY
HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA
ORGANON OF MEDICINE

Before going through the detail, you should know that out of mainly 5 subjects you will have to give exam of only 3 subjects.

HUMAN ANATOMY
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY

If you want to prepare for the University examination you should follow the below mentioned links,

Table of Contents

1st BHMS ANATOMY SYLLABUS

Anatomy learning objectives

Students should keep in mind while studying Anatomy

You may find the language of Anatomy a little bit tough to memorize as its derived from an ancient Latin and Greek words and these languages are no longer used in everyday conversation.
General knowledge of human body structure and different parts of body should be achieved by the end of the first year.
More importance should be given to the functional anatomy (rather than on the static structures of cadaver).
Should know the general anatomical positions and broad relations of the viscera, muscles, blood-vessels, nerves and lymphatics.
1^st year medical student should not take burden of minute anatomical details which have no clinical importance.
Students should be able to identify anatomical structures and specimens.
Subjects should be studied with corelating the Gross Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Physiology.
Before attending dissection classes, it will be helpful to study the general structure of the organ or system that is under dissection (then after you should proceed through its functions)

Anatomy Theory Syllabus

General anatomy

Modern concepts of cell and its components; cell division, types with their significance.
Tissues
Genetics

Osteology
Syndesmology (joints)
Myology
Angiology
Neurology
Splanchnolgy (viscera and organs)
Surface anatomy
Applied anatomy
Radiographic anatomy
Embryology (developmental anatomy)

Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Formation of germ layers
Development of embryogenic disk
Placenta
Development of abdominal organs
Development of cardio vascular system
Development of nervous system
Development of respiratory system
Development of body cavities
Development of uro-genital system

Regional anatomy

This will be taught under the following regions:

Head, Neck and Face, Brain
Thorax
Abdomen
Upper and Lower Extremities
Special Senses

Histology (microanatomy)

Anatomy Practical Syllabus

Dissection of the whole human body.
Demonstration of dissected parts.
Identification of histological slides related to tissues and organs.
Students shall maintain practical or clinical journals and dissection cards.

1st BHMS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

Physiology & Biochemistry learning objectives

Students should keep in mind while studying Physiology

Learning of physiology is based on knowledge of physics and chemistry.
It is important to understand different organization levels from molecular level to the whole organism in order to study physiology.
You should be able to reason mechanistically for physiological processes.
You should be able to think of dynamic mechanisms.
The language of physiology is mixed one, there are commonly used words along with ancient Greek and Latin words.
Remember that “Learning” and “Memorizing” the same thing are totally two different matters.
You must appreciate the integrative nature of physiological processes. e.g., While learning acid/base balance you also should think of Respiratory system.
Not all the physiological responses are beneficial to the organism.
Do not ignore graphs, tables and figures.

Physiology Theory Syllabus

General Physiology

Introduction to cellular physiology
Cell Junctions
Transport through cell membrane and resting membrane potential
Body fluids compartments
Homeostasis

Bio-Physical Sciences

Filtration
Ultra-filtration
Osmosis
Diffusion
Adsorption
Hydrotropy
Colloid
Donnan Equilibrium
Tracer elements
Dialysis
Absorption
Assimilation
Surface tension

Body Fluids and Haematology

Blood
Plasma Proteins
Red Blood Cells
Erythropoiesis
Haemoglobin and Iron Metabolism
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Packed Cell Volume and Blood Indices
Anaemia
Haemolysis and Fragility of Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cell
Immunity
Platelets
Haemostasis
Coagulation of Blood
Blood Groups
Blood Transfusion
Blood Volume
Reticulo-endothelial System and Tissue Macrophage
Lymphatic System and Lymph
Tissue Fluid and Oedema

Digestive system

Introduction to digestive system
Composition and functions of digestive juices
Physiological anatomy of Stomach, Pancreas, Liver and Gall bladder, Small intestine, Large intestine
Movements of gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal hormones
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

Bio-Chemistry

Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Metabolism, Glycolysis, TCA (Tricarboxylic Acid), HMP, Glycogen synthesis and degradation, Blood glucose regulation.
Lipids: Chemistry, Metabolism, Intestinal uptake, Fat transport, Utilization of stored fat, Activation of fatty acids, Beta oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids.
Proteins: Chemistry, Metabolism, Digestion of protein, Transamination, Deamination, Fate of Ammonia, Urea cycle, End products of each amino acid and their entry into TCA cycle.
Enzymes: Definition, Classification, Biological Importance, Diagnostic use, Inhibition.
Vitamins: Daily requirements, Dietary source, Disorders and physiological role.
Minerals: Daily requirement, Dietary Sources, Disorders and physiological role.
Organ function tests

Respiratory system and environmental physiology

Physiological anatomy of respiratory tract
Mechanism of respiration: Ventilation, diffusion of gases
Transport of respiratory gases
Regulation of respiration
Pulmonary function tests
High altitude and space physiology
Deep sea physiology
Artificial respiration
Effects of exercise on respiration

Cardio-vascular system

Introduction to cardiovascular system
Properties of cardiac muscle
Cardiac cycle
General principles of circulation
Heart sounds
Regulation of cardiovascular system
Normal and abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Cardiac output
Heart rate
Arterial blood pressure
Radial Pulse
Regional circulation- Cerebral, Splanchnic, Capillary, Cutaneous & skeletal muscle circulation
Cardiovascular adjustments during exercise

Renal physiology and skin

Physiological anatomy of kidneys and urinary tract
Renal circulation
Urine formation: Renal clearance, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, selective secretion, concentration of urine, acidification of urine
Renal function tests
Micturition
Skin
Sweat
Body temperature and its regulation

Endocrinology

Introduction to endocrinology
Hormones and hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid
Endocrine functions of pancreas
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Endocrine functions of other organs

Reproductive system

Male reproductive system- testis and its hormones; seminal vesicles, prostate gland, semen.
Introduction to female reproductive system
Menstrual cycle
Ovulation
Menopause
Infertility
Pregnancy and parturition
Placenta
Pregnancy tests
Mammary glands and lactation
Fertility
Foetal circulation

Nerve muscle physiology

Physiological properties of nerve fibres
Nerve fibre- types, classification, function, degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves
Neuro-muscular junction
Physiology of skeletal muscle
Physiology of cardiac muscle
Physiology of smooth muscle
EMG and disorders of skeletal muscles

Central nervous system

Introduction to nervous system
Neuron
Neuroglia
Receptors
Synapse
Neurotransmitters
Reflex
Spinal cord
Somato-sensory system and somato-motor system
Physiology of pain
Brainstem, Vestibular apparatus
Cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Internal capsule
Basal ganglia
Limbic system
Cerebellum – Posture and equilibrium
Reticular formation
Proprioceptors
Higher intellectual function
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Physiology of sleep
Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Special senses

Eye: Photochemistry of vision, Visual pathway, Pupillary reflexes, Colour vision, Errors of refraction
Ear: Auditory pathway, Mechanism of hearing, Auditory defects
Sensation of taste: Taste receptors, Taste pathways
Sensation of smell: Olfactory receptors, Olfactory pathways
Sensation of touch

Physiology Practical Syllabus

Haematology

Study of the Compound Microscope
Introduction to haematology
Collection of blood samples.
Estimation of Haemoglobin Concentration
Determination of Haematocrit
Haemocytometry
Total RBC count
Determination of RBC indices
Total Leucocytes Count (TLC)
Preparation and examination of Blood Smear
Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC)
Absolute Eosinophil Count
Determination of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Determination of Blood Groups
Osmotic fragility of red cells
Determination of Bleeding Time and Coagulation Time
Platelet Count
Reticulocyte Count

Human experiments

General Examination
Respiratory System- Clinical examination, Spirometry, Stethography
Gastrointestinal System- Clinical examination
Cardiovascular System- Blood pressure recording, Radial pulse, ECG, Clinical examination
Nerve and Muscle Physiology- Mosso‘s Ergography, Handgrip Dynamometer
Nervous System- Clinical examination
Special Senses- Clinical examination
Reproductive System- Diagnosis of pregnancy

Biochemistry practical

Demonstration of uses of instruments or equipment
Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Normal characteristics of urine
Abnormal constituents of urine
Quantitative estimation of glucose, total proteins, uric acid in blood
Liver function tests
Kidney function tests
Lipid profile
Interpretation and discussion of results of biochemical tests.

1st BHMS HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY SYLLABUS

Pharmacy learning objectives

Students should keep in mind while studying Homoeopathic pharmacy

Learn how to accurately dispense the homoeopathic medicines.
Study homoeopathic pharmacy in relation to homoeopathic Materia medica and organon of medicine.
Learn to appreciate the role of pharmacist and pharmacy in patient care.
Learn to understand pharmacy processes and related record keeping.
Show appropriate professional behaviour and communication skills.
You must appreciate the integrative nature of pharmacology, pathophysiology and therapeutics.

Homoeopathic Pharmacy Theory Syllabus

General concepts and orientation

History of pharmacy with emphasis on emergence of Homoeopathic Pharmacy.
Official Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (Germany, Britain, U.S.A., India).
Important terminologies like scientific names, common names, synonyms.
Definitions in homoeopathic pharmacy.
Components of pharmacy.
Weights and measurements.
Nomenclature of homoeopathic drugs with their anomalies.

Raw Material: drugs and vehicles

Sources of drugs (taxonomic classification, with reference to utility).
Collection of drug substances.
Homoeopathic pharmaceutical instruments and appliances.

Homoeopathic Pharmaceutics

Mother tincture and its preparation – old and new methods.
Various scales used in homoeopathic pharmacy.
Drug dynamization or potentization.
External applications (focus on scope of homoeopathic lotion, glycerol, liniment and ointment).
Doctrine of signature.
Posology (focus on basic principles; related aphorisms of organon of medicine).
Prescription (including abbreviations).
Concept of placebo.
Pharmaconomy – routes of homoeopathic drug administration.
Dispensing of medicines.
Basics of adverse drug reactions and pharmaco-vigilance.

Pharmacodynamics

Homoeopathic Pharmacodynamics
Drug Proving (related aphorisms 105 – 145 of organon of medicine) and merits and
De-merits of Drug Proving on Humans and Animals.
Pharmacological study of drugs listed below.

Quality Control

Standardisation of homoeopathic medicines, raw materials and finished products.
Good manufacturing practices; industrial pharmacy.
Homoeopathic pharmacopoeia laboratory – functions and activities, relating to quality control of drugs.

Legislations pertaining to pharmacy

The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (23 of 1940) {in relation to Homoeopathy};
Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 {in relation to Homoeopathy};
Poisons Act, 1919 (12 of 1919);
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985);
Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 (21 of 1954);
Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955 (16 of 1955).

Homoeopathic pharmacy practical syllabus

Experiments

Estimation of size of globules.
Medication of globules and preparation of doses with sugar of milk and distilled water.
Purity test of sugar of milk, distilled water and ethyl alcohol.
Determination of specific gravity of distilled water and ethyl alcohol.
Preparation of dispensing alcohol and dilute alcohol from strong alcohol.
Trituration of one drug each in decimal and centesimal scale.
Succussion in decimal scale from Mother Tincture to 6X potency.
Succussion in centesimal scale from Mother Tincture to 3C potency.
Conversion of Trituration to liquid potency: Decimal scale 6X to 8X potency.
Conversion of Trituration to liquid potency: Centesimal scale 3C to 4C potency.
Preparation of 0/1 potency (LM scale) of 1 Drug.
Preparation of external applications – lotion, glycerol, liniment, ointment.
Laboratory methods – sublimation, distillation, decantation, filtration, crystallisation.
Writing of prescription.
Dispensing of medicines.
Process of taking minims.
Identification of drugs (listed below). Macroscopic and Microscopic characteristic of drug substances- minimum 05 drugs; Microscopic study of trituration of two drugs (up to 3X potency).
Estimation of moisture content using water bath.
Preparation of mother tincture – maceration and percolation.
Collection of 30 drugs for herbarium.
Visit to homoeopathic pharmacopoeia laboratory and visit to a large-scale manufacturing unit of homoeopathic medicines (GMP compliant).

Demonstration

General instructions for practical or clinical in pharmacy.
Identification and use of homoeopathic pharmaceutical instruments and appliances and their cleaning.
Estimation of moisture content using water bath.
Preparation of mother tincture – maceration and percolation.

Note: Each student shall maintain practical or clinical record or journal and herbarium file separately.

1st BHMS ORGANON SYLLABUS

There shall be no examination of organon of medicine in 1^st BHMS.

The topics that shall be covered in 1^st BHMS are as follows.

Learning objectives of Homoeopathic Pharmacy

Students who are studying in 1^st BHMS shall keep in mind while understanding organon of medicine.

This is a vital subject of homoeopathy.
Learning and applying of homoeopathic principles in clinical practice is the key of success as a homoeopathic physician.
Focus on conceptual based learning of homoeopathic philosophy.
It is important to have clear grasp of inductive and deductive logic and its application.
Preliminary and basic knowledge of psychology will help you in your practice.

Organon of Medicine Theory syllabus

Introductory lectures

Evolution of medical practice of the ancient (Prehistoric Medicine, Greek Medicine, Chinese medicine, Hindu medicine and Renaissance) and tracing the empirical, rationalistic and vitalistic thoughts.
Short history of Hahnemann ‘s life, his contributions, and discovery of homoeopathy, situation leading to discovery of Homoeopathy
Brief life history and contributions of early pioneers of homoeopathy like C.V. Boenninghausen, J.T. Kent, C. Hering, Rajendra Lal Dutta, M.L. Sirkar
History and Development of Homoeopathy in India, U.S.A. and European countries
Fundamental Principles of Homoeopathy.
Basic concept of: Health: Hahnemann ‘s concept and modern concept; Disease: Hahnemann ‘s concept and modern concept; Cure.
Different editions and constructions of Hahnemann ‘s Organon of medicine

Logic

To understand organon of medicine and homoeopathic philosophy, it is essential to be acquainted with the basics of LOGIC to grasp inductive and deductive reasonings.

Preliminary lecturers on inductive and deductive logic (with reference to philosophy book of Stuart Close Chapter 3 and 16).

Psychology

Basics of Psychology.
Study of behaviour and intelligence.
Basic concepts of Sensations.
Emotion, Motivation, Personality, Anxiety, Conflict, Frustration, Depression, Fear, Psychosomatic Manifestations

Aphorisms 1 to 28 of organon of medicine

Homoeopathic Prophylaxis

1st BHMS MATERIA MEDICA SYLLABUS

Theoretical topics that should be covered in first BHMS year are general topics of Materia medica.

There shall be no examination of Materia medica in first BHMS.

Learning Objectives of Materia Medica

Students who are studying in 1^st BHMS should keep in mind while learning of homoeopathic Materia medica.

Construction of homoeopathic Materia medica is different as compared to other Materia medica.
Before learning the drugs of Materia medica theoretical topics should be learnt properly.
Each drug should be studied individually, synthetically, analytically and comparatively.
Knowledge of drug action is important to study of homoeopathic Materia medica.