1ST BHMS PHYSIOLOGY & BIO-CHEMISTRY EXAM GUIDE: IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR PAPER 1 & PAPER 2 (2022-2023)

Physiology is the science of life, and for 1st BHMS students, it’s a cornerstone of understanding how the human body functions.

The exam requires a deep grasp of concepts, clear explanations, and the ability to correlate physiological processes with homoeopathic principles.

This guide contains the most important and frequently asked questions for 1st BHMS Physiology (2022-2023 syllabus).

Whether you’re tackling the cardiovascular system, nervous system, or biochemistry, this list will help you focus on high-yield topics that appear in university exams.

🔹 Why should you use this guide?
✔️ Covers all essential topics from the latest syllabus.
✔️ Divided into Paper 1 & Paper 2 for systematic preparation.
✔️ Includes full questions (FQ), semi-full questions (SFQ), and short notes (SN).
✔️ Perfect for last-minute revision and scoring high marks.

Let’s dive straight into the most exam-relevant questions! 🚀

1ST BHMS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-CHEMISTRY NEW SYLLABUS: A DETAILED GUIDE FOR STUDENTS (2022-2023 ONWARDS)

📝 BHMS Physiology Exam Structure

🫀 Paper 1: General Physiology, Biophysics, Body Fluids, Cardiovascular System, Reticuloendothelial System, Respiratory System, Excretory System, Regulation of Body Temperature, Skin, Nerve-Muscle Physiology.
🧠 Paper 2: Endocrine System, Central Nervous System, Digestive System and Metabolism, Reproductive System, Special Senses, Biochemistry, Nutrition

PAPER 1

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

SN: Cell.

SN: Lysosome.
SN: Mitochondria.
SN: Mitosis.

SN: Phagocytosis.
SN: Syncytium.
SN: Cell Junctions

SN: Homeostasis

BIO-PHYSICS

SFQ/SN: Colloids.
SFQ/SN: Osmosis and its physiological importance.

SN: Dialysis.
SN: Diffusion and its physiological importance.
SN: Filtration.

SN: Sol and gel.

BODY FLUIDS or HAEMATOLOGY

FQ: Describe major blood groups, Rh factor and precautions necessary for Blood transfusion.
FQ: Development and functions of leucocytes.

FQ: Development of RBCs and factors affecting it/ Erythropoiesis.
FQ: Formation of tissue fluid with functions.
FQ: Mechanism of clotting of blood, enumerate factors (blood Co-Agulation/haemostasis).

FQ: What is Hb%, synthesis, functions, fate of it.
SFQ/SN: Blood groups.
SFQ/SN: Anaemia and its etiological classification /nutritional Deficiency anaemia.

SFQ/SN: Fate of RBCs/erythrocytes.
SFQ/SN: Functions and compositions of lymph.
SFQ/SN: Functions of WBCs.

SFQ/SN: Plasma proteins.
SFQ/SN: Thrombocytes/platelets.
SN: Blood volume.

SN: Composition of plasma.
SN: Erythroblastosis foetalis.
SN: Extra cellular oedema.

SN: Functions of lymph.
SN: Histology of lymph gland.
SN: Lymph nodes.

SN: Purpura.
SN: Rh incompatibility.
SN: Types of lymphocytes/WBCs.

CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM

FQ/SFQ: Heart sound, its duration, causes, clinical Identification, significance.
FQ/SFQ: Pressure and volume changes in heart and aorta during cardiac Cycle.
FQ: Cardiac cycle with diagram.

FQ: Cardiac output, explain Fick’s principle including pathological and physiological variations and factors maintaining it.
FQ: Explain how cardiac impulse is originated and conducted in Heart and mention various leads of ECG.
FQ: Normal values of BP and role of vasomotor centre in its Regulation.

FQ: Origin and transmission of cardiac impulse.
FQ: Properties of cardiac muscles.
FQ: Role of Sino-aortic reflex in regulation of BP.

SFQ/SN: Heart rate.
SFQ: ECG.
SFQ: Long term regulation of blood pressure.

SN: All or none law
SN: Av node/pacemaker.
SN: Conduction system of heart

SN: Coronary circulation.
SN: JVP /jugular venous pressure.
SN: Mary’s reflex.

SN: Patent ductus arteriosus.
SN: Peripheral resistance.
SN: Refractory period of cardiac muscle.

SN: Rhythmicity.
SN: SA node.
SN: Silent Gap.

RE SYSTEM AND SPLEEN

FQ: RE system and its functions.
SN: Functions of spleen.
SN: Histology of spleen.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

FQ: Carriage of oxygen from lungs to tissues.
FQ: Chemical regulation of respiration.
FQ: Nervous control of respiration.

FQ: Regulation of respiration.
SFQ/FQ: Hypoxia/anoxia.
SFQ/SN: Lung volume and capacities.

SFQ: Artificial methods of respiration.
SFQ: Cyanosis.
SFQ: Oxygen dissociation curve.

SFQ: Periodic breathing.
SFQ: Respiratory centre.
SN: Anorexia.

SN: Hering- braver reflex.
SN: Respiratory dead spaces.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

FQ: GFR, its normal values and factors affecting it.

FQ: Role of kidney to maintain acid-base balance.
FQ: Structure of nephron, functions of glomerulus.
FQ: Tubular reabsorption in renal tubules.

SFQ: Dialysis with its physiological importance.
SFQ: Micturition reflex.
SN: Functions of ADH.

SN: Functions of kidneys.
SN: GFR [glomerular filtration rate].
SN: Glycosuria.

SN: Mechanism of urine formation.
SN: Proteinuria.

SKIN AND REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE

FQ: Describe regulation of body temperature in detail.

FQ: Describe the Process of thermotaxis.
SFQ/SN: Histological structure and function of spleen.
SN: Mechanism of heat loss from body.

SN: Pyrexia/hyperthermia.
SN: Regulation of body temperature in hot environment.
SN: Role of hypothalamus in maintenance of body Temperature.

NERVE MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

FQ/SFQ: Simple muscle curve.
FQ: Properties of skeletal muscles and neuro-muscular Junction.
SFQ: Fatigue.

SN: Action potential.
SN: Conduction of nerve impulse.
SN: Rigor mortis.

SN: Muscle spindle.
SFQ: Tetany.

PAPER 2

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

FQ: Control of secretin and function of adrenocorticoids.

FQ: Functions of aldosterone and control of its secretion.
FQ: Functions of glucocorticoids and their control.
FQ: Physiological action of hormones secreted from posterior Pituitary gland.

FQ: Enumerate hormones secreted by anterior pituitary gland and Functions of GH.
FQ: Synthesis of thyroid hormone and physiology of them.
FQ: What is normal sugar level? Discuss factors affecting it.

SFQ/SN: Cretinism/hypothyroidism.
SFQ/SN: Myxoedema.
SN: Acromegaly.

SN: Cushing’s syndrome.
SN: Diabetes mellitus.
SN: Epinephrine.

SN: Functions of Oestrogen.
SN: Hypogonadism.
SN: Insulin.

SN: Mineralocorticoids.
SN: Oxytocin.
SN: Secretin.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

FQ/SFQ: Synapse- properties, classification and function.
FQ: Describe role of hypothalamus in temperature Regulation, feeding and water balance in detail.
FQ: Explain how somatic pain is carried to brain.

FQ: Formation and functions of CSF.
FQ: Functions of hypothalamus.
FQ: Physiology of posterior pituitary.
FQ: Pituitary gland in detail with its applied physiology.
FQ: Pyramidal pathways, its Origin, course, termination, describe effects of its lesions.
FQ: Pyramidal tract. Describe difference between UMN lesion and LMN lesions.
FQ: Structure and functions of cerebellum.
FQ: Tracts of gall and burdach, sensations carried by them.
SFQ: Corticospinal tract with functions.
SFQ: Wallerian degeneration.
SN: Epilepsy.
SN: Function of thalamus.
SN: Lumbar puncture.
SN: Neuron.
SN: Physiology of limbic system.
SN: Physiology of limbic system.
SN: Plantar reflex.
SN: Red nucleus.
SN: Reflex arc.
SN: Superficial reflexes.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

FQ: Composition and function of pancreatic juice.
FQ: Composition and functions of bile.
FQ: Composition, function and mechanism of secretion of gastric Juice.
FQ: Composition, functions and regulation of mechanism of Secretion of saliva.
FQ: Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
FQ: Digestion and absorption of fat.
FQ: Exocrine function of pancreas.
FQ: Mechanism of secretion of bile.
FQ: Secretion of gastric juice, its origin, and characteristics of Individual contents of gastric juice.
FQ: Structure and function of liver.
SN: Alkaline Tide.
SN: Deglutition.
SN: GIT.
SN: Movement of large intestine.
SN: Movement of small intestine.
SN: Pavlov’s pouch.
SN: Peristalsis.
SN: Regulation of salivary secretion.
SN: Vomiting/Emesis.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FQ: Functions of testosterone.
FQ: Phases of menstrual cycle and their control [hormonal regulation].
SN: Functions of FSH and LH in males and females.
SN: Functions of testes.
SN: Lactation.
SN: Pregnancy tests.
SN: Prolactin.
SN: Puberty.
SN: Safe period.
SN: Testosterone.

SPECIAL SENSES

FQ: Auditory pathway.
FQ: Structure of internal ear and how normal waves of sound are Conducted in ear?
FQ: Visual pathway.
SFQ: Errors of refraction.
SFQ: Myopia.
SFQ: Organ of corti.
SFQ: Taste buds.
SN: Pathway of Olfaction.
SN: Rods and cones.

BIO-CHEMISTRY (METABOLISM)

FQ: B-oxidation of fatty acids.
FQ: Catabolism of glucose.
FQ: Classify proteins, describe its digestion and reabsorption in GIT.
FQ: Metabolism of carbohydrates.
FQ: Uric acid metabolism.
SFQ: Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fat.
SFQ: HMP shunt and its physiological importance.
SN: Biological oxidation.
SN: BMR factors affecting it.
SN: Cholesterol.
SN: Cori’s cycle.
SN: Essential amino acids.
SN: Glucose tolerance test.
SN: Glycogen/animal starch.
SN: Glycogenesis.
SN: Glycogenolysis.
SN: Glycolysis.
SN: Kerb’s cycle (TCA cycle).
SN: Nitrogen equilibrium.
SN: PEM.
SN: Phospholipid.
SN: Phosphorylation.
SN: Sterol compounds.

ENZYMES

SN: Biological importance of enzymes.
SN: Characteristics of enzyme action.
SN: Classification of enzymes.
SN: Enzyme inhibition.
SN: Factors affecting enzyme action.

NUTRITION

FQ: What is balanced diet? Describe how balanced diet for a Lady is calculated?
SFQ: Principles of planning a balanced diet.
SN: Distribution of calories in diet.
SN: Specific dynamic action of food.

VITAMINS AND MINERALS

SFQ: Sources, utilisation and functions of iron.
SN: Ascorbic Acid.
SN: Folic acid.
SN: Trace elements.
SN: Vitamin A.
SN: Vitamin B-12.
SN: Vitamin C.
SN: Vitamin D.
SN: Vitamin E.
SN: Vitamin K.

Mastering 1st BHMS Physiology requires a combination of smart preparation, conceptual clarity, and effective revision strategies.

This exam guide has covered the most frequently asked questions based on the 2022-2023 updated syllabus, helping you prioritize your studies and focus on high-yield topics.

Final Tips for Scoring Well in Physiology

Understand Concepts, Don’t Just Memorize: Physiology is all about understanding how the body works. Focus on the mechanisms behind processes like the cardiac cycle, nerve impulse transmission, and hormone regulation.
Practice Diagrams and Flowcharts: Draw and label diagrams for topics like the cardiac cycle, respiratory mechanism, and neural pathways. This will help you retain information better and score well in exams.
Revise High-Yield Topics Regularly: Focus on cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, endocrine system, and biochemistry as these are frequently asked in exams.
Solve Previous Year Question Papers: This will help you understand the exam pattern and identify important topics.
Stay Consistent and Confident: Regular revision and a positive mindset are key to success.

Why Physiology Matters

A strong foundation in Physiology will not only help you clear your exams but also build the knowledge base needed for clinical subjects in the coming years.

It’s the bridge between Anatomy (structure) and Pathology (disease), making it essential for understanding health and disease.

🔹 Remember

Paper 1 focuses on General Physiology, Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, and Nerve-Muscle Physiology.
Paper 2 covers Endocrine System, Central Nervous System, Digestive System, and Biochemistry.
Use this guide to prioritize your studies and focus on high-yield topics.

💡 Pro Tip

If you found this guide helpful, share it with your batchmates and help them succeed in their exams too! 🚀

Best of Luck! 🍀💪

Stay focused, stay consistent, and give your best effort. You’ve got this!