1ST BHMS NEW ANATOMY SYLLABUS: A DETAILED GUIDE FOR STUDENTS (2022-2023 ONWARDS)

Why Study Anatomy?

Anatomy is the foundation of medical science. It’s the study of the structure and organization of the human body—from cells to tissues, organs, and systems.

For homoeopathic students, Anatomy is not just about memorizing body parts; it’s about understanding how the body works as a holistic system.

This knowledge helps you connect the dots between structure, function, and how imbalances (disease) occur.

Anatomy Syllabus: Detailed Breakdown

1. General Anatomy

This section covers the basics of human anatomy. Here’s what you’ll learn:

1.1 Modern Concepts of Cell and Its Components

• Structure of the cell (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles).
• Cell division (mitosis and meiosis) and its significance.

1.2 Tissues

• Types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
• Structure, location, and function of each tissue.
• Histology: Microscopic study of tissues.

1.3 Genetics

• Basics of genetics: DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and inheritance patterns.

1.4 Basics of General Anatomy

• Definition and Subdivision of Anatomy: Gross, microscopic, developmental, and applied anatomy.
• History of Anatomy: Evolution of anatomical studies.
• Anatomical Terms: Positions (anterior, posterior, superior, inferior), planes (sagittal, coronal, transverse), and movements (flexion, extension, rotation).
• Superficial and Deep Fasciae: Connective tissue layers.
• Muscles: Types (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) and their functions.
• Bones: Structure and classification (long, short, flat, irregular).
• Joints: Types (synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous) and movements.
• Blood Vessels: Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
• Lymphatic System: Lymph nodes, vessels, and their role in immunity.
• Nerves: Structure and function of the nervous system.

2. Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)

This section focuses on the development of the human body from conception to birth.

2.1 Male and Female Reproductive Organs

• Structure and function of reproductive organs.

2.2 Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

• Formation of sperm and eggs.

2.3 Fertilization

• Process of fertilization and formation of the zygote.

2.4 Formation of Germ Layers

• Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
• Tissue formation and classification.

2.5 Development of Organs and Systems

• Notochord: Early structure in embryonic development.
• Yolk Sac and Amniotic Sac: Roles in embryonic development.
• Placenta: Structure and function.
• Abdominal Organs: Development of the stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines.
• Cardiovascular System: Development of the heart and blood vessels.
• Nervous System: Development of the brain and spinal cord.
• Respiratory System: Development of the lungs and airways.
• Body Cavities: Formation of thoracic and abdominal cavities.
• Urogenital System: Development of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and reproductive organs.

3. Regional Anatomy

This section dives into the anatomy of specific regions of the body. Each region covers:

• Osteology: Bones.
• Syndesmology: Joints.
• Myology: Muscles.
• Angiology: Blood vessels.
• Neurology: Nerves.
• Splanchnology: Viscera and organs.
• Histology: Microscopic structure.
• Surface Anatomy: Landmarks on the body surface.
• Applied Anatomy: Clinical relevance.
• Radiographic Anatomy: Interpretation of X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
• Correlation with Homoeopathic Subjects: Connecting anatomy with homoeopathic principles.

3.1 Upper and Lower Extremities

• Upper Limb: Shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
  • Bones: Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
  • Muscles: Deltoid, biceps, triceps, and forearm muscles.
  • Nerves: Brachial plexus, radial, ulnar, and median nerves.
  • Blood Supply: Axillary, brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries.
• Lower Limb: Hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
  • Bones: Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
  • Muscles: Quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles.
  • Nerves: Sciatic, femoral, and tibial nerves.
  • Blood Supply: Femoral, popliteal, and tibial arteries.

3.2 Head, Neck, and Face

• Skull: Bones of the cranium and face.
• Brain: Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
• Sensory Organs: Eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.
• Neck Muscles and Nerves: Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and cervical plexus.

3.3 Thorax (Chest)

• Heart: Chambers, valves, and blood supply.
• Lungs: Structure and function.
• Blood Vessels: Aorta, pulmonary arteries, and veins.

3.4 Abdomen

• Digestive System: Stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines.
• Urinary System: Kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
• Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive organs.

3.5 Brain and Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Brain Structure: Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
• Spinal Cord: Structure and function.
• Nerves: Cranial and spinal nerves.

Practical Work in Anatomy

1. Dissection: Hands-on experience with cadavers to identify organs, muscles, and nerves.
2. Histology: Use microscopes to study tissues and cells.
3. Clinical Correlation: Apply anatomical knowledge to clinical cases in OPD/IPD.
4. Record Keeping: Maintain detailed records of your dissections and observations.

Tips to Master in Anatomy

1. Focus on Functional Anatomy: Understand how structures work together.
2. Use Visual Aids: Diagrams, models, and apps can make learning easier.
3. Practice Regularly: Spend time in the dissection hall and lab.
4. Correlate with Other Subjects: Connect anatomy with physiology, Materia Medica, and homoeopathic philosophy.
5. Ask Questions: Clarify doubts with your professors.

Why Anatomy Matters in Homoeopathy

Anatomy isn’t just about knowing body parts—it’s about understanding the holistic nature of the human body. For homoeopaths, this knowledge helps you:

• Diagnose Better: Understand the physical basis of symptoms.
• Prescribe Effectively: Correlate anatomical knowledge with Materia Medica and repertory.
• Appreciate the Vital Force: See how imbalances in structure and function relate to disease.